Modular Tubing Notcher System

ABSTRACT

A machining assembly which allows for precise and repeatable machining operations—primarily tube notching—to be carried out by an operator in various situations, and is specifically designed for hollow-form parting without use of a mandrel in prototyping and small-scale production. This system allows operators to cut copes in both typical and atypical materials, and offers the ability to produce double end-coped workpieces quickly. Additionally, the preferred embodiment can be equipped for use as a light-duty milling machine which incorporates portability with the benefits of traditional milling centers.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This patent application concerns the state of the art of tools and machines known as “tubing notchers,” which are designed to remove a portion of a workpiece by means of pressing or grinding: respectively, punch-style notchers (as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,422) or rotary style cutting and abrading notchers, including such cutting instruments as grinders, milling bits, and hole-saws, (as in US Patent no. 20120243954). The present invention relates to the latter, with a specific focus on hole-saw-style tubing notchers (such as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,221). Tubing notchers and light-duty machining assemblies are used in a number of fields—including but not limited to the agricultural, automotive, construction, entertainment, exhibition, and telecommunication industries.

BACKGROUND ART

Patent Number Date Inventor and/or Description US Class/Subclass U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,870 B2 November 2006 Hughes (THE BEAST) 408/088 U.S. Pat. No. 7,114,423 May 2003 Kelley (Punch Press Notcher) 083/191 U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,422 A October 1978 Williams (Early Punch Press) 083/581, 630, 917, 693 U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,066 B2 May 2011 Rusch (Radial Vise) 408/110 U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,221 A December 1971 Meshulam (Hole Saw) 408/204; 144/20, 23 US 20090022559 June 2007 Hughes 408/103 U.S. Pat. No. 8,152,419 B1 November 2008 Snyder (good view of angling) 408/105, 115, 89, 110 U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,447 A October 1985 Blake (Kant Twist style “C” clamp) 269/221, 239, 258, 24/514 U.S. Pat. No. 2,726,694 A December 1955 Kant Twist Clamp 269/218, 239, 237, 269 U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,206 B2 October 2006 Turner (Mounting Drill on a Pipe) 408/92, 103, 234

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention improves upon the state of the art by streamlining the design of the present invention into a form which incorporates the benefits of a mill and a tubing notcher and simultaneously mitigates the shortfalls of these two machines. In the primary mode of the preferred embodiment, the form in which most cutting operations will take place, the present invention appears and operates much like a horizontal mill: it is able to move a secured workpiece along a planar coordinate system through indexing actions in relation to a relatively static—though axially rotating—cutting instrument. In this system, the workpiece is conveyed along the X-coordinate and the Y-coordinate through clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of lead-screws, and this conveyance in the X and Y planes alters the location of the workpiece in relation to the orthogonal Z-coordinate of the cutting instrument's cutting path. The preferred embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 1) is equipped with a close-quarters vise, a cutoff support vise, a work-stop, protective shielding, an electric drill motor, a leveling floor stand, and a hole-saw as a cutting instrument. This system may be equipped with alternative cutting and shaping instruments, including annular cutters, drill bits, milling bits, reamers, taps, rasps, abrading bits, and other rotary cutting and shaping instruments. In addition to tooling and vise options, the present invention is designed to allow an operator to implement accessories and modifications as he or she sees fit, including such additions as work-stops, workpiece supports, lubrication and coolant supply lines, vise inserts, additional protective shielding, support extensions, and other customized accommodations. Even without modification, the preferred embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 1) is suited for typical coping operations.

Unlike milling machines, some contemporary tubing notchers may operate without the need of a floor stand, instead clamping directly to the material to be machined (as in U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,206 B2). In the event that this operation is necessary—perhaps the workpiece is a cemented post, underground pipe, or other material that cannot be removed for one reason or another—the preferred embodiment may be operated in a second mode, where the workpiece acts as the stationary point of reference while the present invention is attached to it. After the notcher assembly is securely clamped to the workpiece, an operator can manipulate the machine in order to precisely remove material at a specific angle of cut. In this sense, the present invention may be used on jobs at which both milling machines and self-contained tubing notchers excel.

Technical Problem within the Field

When utilizing tubing notchers, operators must often cut copes in tubes at specific angles to produce tight fitting joinery. Without proper tube notching equipment, coping operations may be imprecise, unreproducible, unsightly, and potentially dangerous; even with specialized vises, many systems are not both safe and efficient for the professional operator.

There are options within the state of the art to address the aforementioned problems: expensive and complex—though multipurpose—milling machines, or economical and simplistic though specialized—tubing notchers. Even so, these options present some problems. Firstly, while milling machines are precise and can address many typical cutting demands when properly equipped, they are often prohibitively massive, expensive, difficult to implement and operate, and still may not address all cutting needs when dealing with workpieces of odd size, shape, or structure. Secondly, contemporary tubing notchers with vise systems (as in U.S. Pat. No. 7,114,423 and No. 8,734,066) allow for relatively safe and precise tube cutting, but do not address specialized cutting demands—such as on workpieces that are already bent, have irregularly shaped profiles, are comprised of a strange material, or are otherwise atypical. Operators within the industry would greatly benefit from a system that combines ease-of-implementation with precision, while being applicable to almost any workpiece.

Solution to the Technical Problem

The present invention improves upon the state of the art by introducing an abrading or cutting-style tubing notcher system to be used for nearly any operation within the art. This design expands upon contemporary cutting-style notchers by incorporating the pros of milling machines while mitigating disadvantages: a mill's mass, immobility, difficulty-of-implementation, and specialized operator training. Unlike most tubing notchers within the state-of-the-art (such as U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,870 B2), the preferred embodiment can make multiple passes through various, measured, cutting locations along a workpiece without removing it from the clamping apparatus. Due to its modular nature, the present invention may be implemented in various alternative embodiments—including changes in tooling, hardware, vises, and various accessories—to accommodate nearly all operational requirements. Additionally, the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes multiple modes of operation, addressing the procedural shortfalls of most notchers and milling machines, so that operators can complete light-duty machining and notching tasks, as well as several non-traditional actions including piercing, broaching, routing, planing, stropping, buffing, and even simply providing workpiece support while other actions are accomplished. What's more, unlike many systems within the state of the art, the present invention can be used in series, thereby allowing one or more operators the ability to shape workpieces in ways that a contemporary notcher cannot.

Brief Explanation of Operation

The current embodiment of the present invention is uniquely suited to producing a production run of machined tubes with end-copes on both tube ends, and an operator thus engaged would begin by equipping the machine with the proper vise and any additional accessories he or she might need. For such a task, the operator may also implement a tubular work-stop and a workpiece cut-off support vise (as seen in FIG. 2). If the vises are not already situated, the operator would secure the desired main vise at the proper angle on the vise base to the infeed side of the cutting instrument, the support vise and work-stop to the outfeed side, then would clamp the material in the proper vise. After securing the material and verifying the cutting angle, the operator can manipulate the X-coordinate and Y-coordinate handles to bring the workpiece into the correct cutting coordinate to cope the end of the tube. When the cutting coordinate is properly set, the operator can energize the drive motor and push the feed handle to extend the cutting instrument through the cutting path before retracting the feed handle and ceasing rotation of the cutting instrument. For a second set of steps, the operator can loosen the vise, push the material flush to the cylindrical work-stop, re-tighten the vise, manipulate the X/Y-coordinate handles to bring the workpiece into the correct cutting path (according to the required cut length) and again energize and cycle the cutting instrument. After two such cutting operations, the operator will have produced a solitary double-coped tube; if the operator repeats the second set of steps, a single additional cutting operation will produce another double-coped tube. This second set of steps may be repeated until the length of material is exhausted.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention improves upon the state-of-the-art in the following ways . . . .

1. The workpiece retention module of the preferred embodiment includes a variable-vise system, which lets operators use the most useful vise and vise inserts for a particular task. Having the ability to accommodate unforeseen requirements, such as issues of workpiece size, shape, material, finish, and clamping profile, gives operators the ability to use the preferred embodiment in situations where contemporary tubing notchers wouldn't function. In an extreme example-of-use, once properly equipped, an operator of the preferred embodiment could quickly, repeatably, and safely process elliptical carbon-fiber tubes for producing racing bicycles; after changing vises and cutting instruments, this same machine can drill beveled bungholes in wine barrels.

-   -   1.a. Many of the vises within the suggested alternative         embodiments keep a relative workpiece “zero.” That is, with         proper inserts (as in FIG. 7) or by using self-centering vises         (as in US patent nos. 20140131933 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,066         B2), an operator can alternate vises without needing to refer to         offset charts to reestablish a relative zero between vises.     -   1.b. In conjunction with point 1, operators can control rotation         in two planes: the X-axis and the Y-axis, relative to the Z-axis         of the cutting path. To rotate about the Y-axis, Operators can         loosen the vise base upon the degree table, rotate the vise base         and the vise, and then tighten the vise base back onto the         degree table in order to control one axis of the workpiece.         Additionally, operators can rotate the workpieces within the         jaws of the vise to revolve the workpiece about the X-axis.         While not a part of the preferred embodiment, a potential         alternative embodiment of the present invention includes a         rotatable bearing between the main body and the workpiece         conveyance module, allowing for rotation about the Z-axis. These         methods of rotational control afford the operator a high degree         of control over the cutting angle relative to the workpiece.     -   1.c. The variable-vise system allows operators to hold onto         workpieces with specialized clamping surfaces: either directly         through a vise or through clamping inserts. This specialized         clamping can provide more clamping surface with a narrower         clamping profile than traditional vises; using such a vise         allows users to clamp closer to the point at which the cutting         instrument will pass through the workpiece, resulting in much         higher rigidity than is possible from traditional vises. This         added rigidity equates to more precise cutting and longer tool         life.     -   1.d. The design of the vice allows operators to use a second         clamp on the opposite side of the cutting path in order to         either catch the cut workpiece or to provide additional rigidity         to the cutting operation. The use of a secondary vise (best         exemplified in FIGS. 2 and 12, though present in all drawings)         can accommodate nonstandard tubing and may be positioned as a         lateral work stop. Operators may use these alternate vises much         the same way as a second primary vise, especially in tandem         clamping operations where more clamping pressure and surface         area is needed on a workpiece. Tandem clamping is especially         useful during milling operations, while the notcher must attach         itself to a stationary workpiece while in the second mode of         operation, and when excessive pressure from a single vise may         damage a workpiece.     -   1.e. In conjunction with point 1 and 1.b, a puck-like structure         connects the rotatable vise base with the non-rotatable X-degree         table by fitting within a counter-bored negative space of said         X-degree table. In this way, the workpiece retention module is         more structurally sound than using a single bolt or pin as a         pivot point, the pivot point of the retention module can be         centered on the workpiece rather than the parameters of a vise,         and the vise may be clamped at any angle relative to the cutting         instrument. Though the preferred embodiment uses smooth surface         to surface clamping to secure itself, alternative embodiments of         the workpiece retention structure may include a rack and pinion         method of rotation, or even using another lead screw with a         geared X-axis pivot nut to rotate the vise and vise base upon         the X-degree table.         2. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a         workpiece conveyance module, which allows operators to control         the point at which notches are made in a workpiece without         removing the workpiece from within the vise system. The         preferred embodiment affords precise control over two dimensions         of the workpiece—the X and Y dimensions of the machine, and         thereby the workpiece—through the rotation of X and Y-lead         screws.     -   2.a. In conjunction with point 2, while the preferred embodiment         includes handles to measurably rotate the X and Y-lead screws         and move the workpiece, a viable alternative embodiment of the         present invention may utilize computer numerical control motors         to present a CNC milling machine with the aforementioned         advantages of the present invention.         3. The present invention includes a quill module, which allows         operators control over the cutting instrument of the preferred         embodiment. Like the depth gauge and spindle travel stop of a         traditional milling machine, operators can control the         depth-of-cut (Z dimension) of the preferred embodiment's         operation through the use of an internal threaded stop rod.     -   3.a In conjunction with point 3 and point 1.c, the preferred         embodiment of the present invention has the drill motor in line         with the traversal of the quill module, and allows the operator         to manipulate the traversal of the quill module (feed rate)         through a mechanical advantage at the feed bar. These advantages         further bolster the rigidity of the assembly, increasing both         precision and tool life.     -   3.b In conjunction with point 3, the quill module uses a shaft         support structure in order to add rigidity at the cutting         instrument throughout the cutting process. Since support can be         moved close to the cutting point, there will be minimal         deflection from material strain brought about through pressure.         4. To be clear, in conjunction with point 3, 2, and point 1.b,         operators have control of a workpiece in three relative spatial         dimensions and two rotational axes. While this level of control         is often relegated to much more expensive machining centers,         this system permits fine notching operations with a high degree         of consistency and repeatability to a much larger number of         operators than have access to large-scale machining centers.         5. The modularity of the present invention readily accommodates         alternative embodiments through the use of accessories and         customization. The design of the present invention not only         allows accessories to be attached to the vise system itself or         inserted within the support rail in order to move along with the         workpiece, but also to be attached elsewhere in order to remain         separate from the movement of the workpiece or the quill module.         Whether static or dynamic, examples of such accessories include         safety shields, lubricant and coolant lines, tooling holders,         vise jaw inserts, and alternative cutting instruments, as well         as work-stops and workpiece supports.     -   5.a. In conjunction with point 5, operators can elect to use a         work support rail (item [56] in FIG. 2) in order to properly         utilize the dynamic work-stop and cut-off support vise, which         fit within the workpiece conveyance system and will thus have         the ability to “follow” the movement of the vise within the         workpiece conveyance system. In this way, both the work-stop and         the support vise will support a workpiece throughout an         operation with multiple cutting procedures. This allows         operators to make multiple cuts at various locations along a         workpiece without needing to reset the location of the work-stop         and the work support before each new cut. However, should an         operator require either structure to remain static during vise         movement, alternate work-stops and supports independent from the         movement of the vise may be used.         6. As stated above, when used in conjunction with the work-stop,         work support, and work support rail, the design of the present         invention allows an operator efficient production of         double-coped tubes. In a further advantage over the state of the         art, this design will work even when the end-copes must be cut         at angles or offsets.         7. Because the vise and the shaft support can be set very close         to the cutting agent and workpiece, the design of the present         invention cuts down on excessive vibration and tool chatter         compared to the state of the art, and can therefore extend the         operating life of cutting agents, drive motors, and the assembly         itself.         8. The preferred embodiment of the present invention may operate         in two modes. The primary mode can operate like a light-duty         milling machine, and the secondary mode can operate on those         large or permanent workpieces that could not be moved to a         traditional milling machine, such as permanent structures or         existing infrastructure. Therefore, the preferred embodiment may         be implemented in locations and scenarios in which a traditional         milling machine or a tubing notcher may be impractical.     -   8.a. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes         a stand mount [47] and leveling stand [36]. This stand mount         [47] may be an attachment point for alternative mounting         structures, including a horizontal mount for vertical drilling         operations (as in FIGS. 8B and 14B), or vehicle based mounting         (as in FIGS. 14A and 14C). If so desired, the present invention         may also be mounted directly to a heavy duty bench top,         sawhorse, or any surface sturdy enough for both the assembly         itself and the workpiece to be machined.         9. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a         work stop that may act as a boundary and as a secondary work         support. While many objects in the state of the art act as a         work boundary (such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,557 A), many cannot         accommodate offsets and rotation without further calculations.         Also, the contact object [110] can be replaced with any surface         to properly accommodate the workpiece, so the work stop of the         preferred embodiment may include a protrusion that is used as a         secondary workpiece support at the outfeed.     -   9.a. In conjunction with point 9, the work stop is able to be         adjusted at several points, independently from one another.         During use, usually, an operator will set the work stop by         moving it in the X-plane, raising or lowering it in the Y-plane,         rotating the contact object [110] to fit squarely against the         workpiece [50], and then pivoting the contact object [110] into         the correct phase for offset tubing, if necessary; however,         since the work stop may be adjusted independently at these         points, these steps can be accomplished in any order and in fact         may be better done in reverse if the workpiece is already         clamped in the proper place. In this way, an operator may set up         their work stop as precisely as they need, and may alter single         parameters in order to adjust their work stop as necessary, even         from part to part. Many stops within the state of the art         (again, as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,557 A) attempt to quicken the         process of setting a stop by adjusting several parameters with a         single adjustment, but in the process they weaken the structure         and make adjustments less incremental, leading to less         precision.         10. Inventions within the state of the art allow operators the         use of several different cutting and shaping agents in order to         act upon a workpiece; in addition to drills, hole-saws, and         those other instruments that are typically used with tubing         notchers, the present invention may also be used with tooling         that is rarely used in notching operations, such as routing         bits, buffing and stropping wheels, fixed and adjustable boring         heads, coring bits, taps, reamers, annular cutters, and yet         others. Though it falls outside the preferred embodiment and         utility of the present invention, the present invention may also         be used with pushing and slicing instruments, such as blades,         punches, broaches, and dies—though tube notching operations with         these pushing and slicing instruments could necessitate some         sort of mandrel for tube notching.         11. The design of the preferred embodiment an electrical drive         motor as the provider of rotational force, which can be powered         by readily available 110/220 volt electrical sources.         Alternative embodiments may implement alternative power sources         to rotate the cutting instrument module's shaft: a tractor's         power take off (PTO) drive, a belt and pulley system,         nature-based turbines, fuel-based engines, hydraulics,         pneumatics, or even hand and foot cranks. From hand-powered         cranks to fuel-based engines to nature-based turbines, the         present invention may be powered by various mechanical,         hydraulic, and pneumatic means. Likewise, even when using the         preferred electrical drive motor, operators can power the         present invention through a generator if no local power is         available.     -   11.a. In conjunction with point 11, alternative embodiments of         the present invention may include a transmission system for the         purpose of changing operating torque and speed, and may include         gearing or clutching, so as to protect the operator and the         workpiece during certain operations.         12. Several of the preferred embodiment of the present invention         may be implemented in series for large jobs or when several         operations must be done to a single workpiece, but operating a         single machine would be untenable. The nature of the present         invention is that it can be static or dynamic, so even if the         workpiece is fitted for operation in the primary mode (that is,         with the stand still attached) the machine can move and the         cutting path can be altered relative to the static workpiece.         Note that there is no effective limit to the number of notchers         that may be used in a series, and these machines may be placed         as near to one another as the profile of the assembly will         allow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an overhead isometric view (top-front-right perspective) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, equipped with a drill chuck as a cutting instrument [97] and a rectangular workpiece [50] abutted against a work-stop [55] and secured within a primary vise [37] and a secondary vise [38]. This view of the preferred embodiment shows a leveling stand [36] with a storage compartment for tooling and other accessories as well as protective shielding [103] that may be used during operation.

FIG. 2 is an opposite isometric view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, angled 90° from FIG. 1 to better show the work-stop [55], the cutoff support vise [38], and the extension of the support rail [56].

FIG. 3 is an isometric view from below, opposite FIG. 1, to more clearly show the workpiece conveyance assembly: the main body [18] of the cutting instrument module, the X-body [25] and the Y-body [26] of the workpiece conveyance module, and the vise base [35] of the workpiece retention module.

FIG. 4 is a frontal view to show the interaction of the X-lead screw [30] and the Y-lead screw [27] and how the actuation of these lead screws will move the vise [37] and support vise [38] in a direction orthogonal to the cutting instrument [97].

FIGS. 5A and 5B show a sidelong view of the quill module in two stages of operation, with FIG. 5A being a representation of the assembly in the fully retracted position and 5B being a representation of the assembly in an active, cutting position. A cutting cycle is accomplished by moving the feed handle [5] forward and backward in order to exert pressure from the feed bars [3] and move the shaft [11] through the cutting path. The fulcrum of the feed bars [3], the feed adjuster [17], can be moved closer to or farther from a workpiece [50] upon the main body [18], thereby providing the correct amount of travel and force for intended operations. This view also best shows the use of the feed return dampener [20] and the threaded stop rod [60]; the return dampener [20] is especially useful for vertical machining operations where gravity would result in dangerous false-feeding, and the threaded stop rod [60] works in all orientations to limit the Z-dimension travel of the cutting instrument [97].

FIG. 6 is an isometric view similar to FIG. 1 that shows a tube being cut at a non-90° angle. In this view, one can see that the work-stop [55] may be angled so that angled work-pieces can be butted against it solidly.

FIG. 7A-7H shows several of the vise types and inserts that may be used by operators depending on the required operation and material to be machined. This includes a specialized vise for square tubing [7A], several options for rounded tubing [7B, 7C, 7D,] options for oversized clamping [7E, 7F] and options for vises that can allow operators to alter the center line of the workpiece relative to the assembly [7G and 7H]. Though not a comprehensive representation, FIG. 7B also shows several vise inserts, including a cylindrical reducer [40], a hexagonal reducer [41], a horizontally elliptical reducer [42], and a vertically elliptical reducer [43]. Operators may utilize these or other vises and inserts to accommodate those workpieces needing special clamping requirements. The pictured inserts have stabilizing pins, but the pins may be removed in order to allow the reducers to be rotated within the vise.

FIG. 8A is a vertical wire frame view of the preferred embodiment to show the internals of the assembly. FIG. 8B is an alternate vertical view, and shows how the present invention may be oriented upon a workpiece akin to a traditional drill press assembly; as seen in FIG. 14B, structures would allow the present invention to function in such a form.

FIG. 9 again shows the quill module in an isometric view as in FIG. 1, but does so without the leveling stand [36] in what may be referred to as the secondary mode of operation, where the assembly would support itself through clamping pressure upon a stationary workpiece.

FIG. 10 shows the work stop [55] of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, outfitted with a tubular contact object [110], contact object receiver, [111] a rotating housing [112], post clamp [113], post [114], and rail mount [115].

FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of the work stop [55] of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the separate adjustment points are more clearly differentiated than in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is another view of the workpiece conveyance module, this time without a workpiece, so the interaction of the primary vise [37] and secondary vise [38] with the rest of the workpiece retention module and the workpiece conveyance module is more clearly visible.

FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, with two tube notching assemblies placed in series. Though the figure shows such serialization with two assemblies on one side of the workpiece, assemblies may be placed on either side of the workpiece. Note that while there is no practical limit to the amount of assemblies usable in a given operation, some workpiece conveyance modules may need to be altered if the operator(s) cannot adjust the conveyance modules on all assemblies at the same time.

FIG. 14A-14C show alternative mounting options when the traditional leveling stand isn't optimal. As shown, the present invention may be mounted on stationary, mobile, or dynamic structures, including posts, trailers, and boom mounts, respectively, though the present invention may be mounted to nearly any surface. As seen in FIG. 14A, the present invention may be fitted with different drive motors and may be powered through hydraulic, pneumatic, gas-powered, electric, or mechanical means, depending on operational needs.

LABELS FOR SEVERAL KEY COMPONENTS

Workpiece Retention Module Workpiece [50] Vise [37] Vise Base [35] (primary) Degree Ring [101] Vise [38] Work-stop [55] (support) Support Rail [56] Vise [40]-[46] X-Degree [34] Inserts Table Workpiece Conveyance Module X-body [25] Y-body [26] Y-riser [21] X-Lead Screw [30] Y-Lead [27] Lead Screw [28] Screw Handles X-nut [31] Y-Pillow [23] T-nuts [15] Block Quill Module Main Body [18] Cutting [97] Drive Motor [162] Instrument Leveling Stand [36] Protective [103] Drive Motor  [2] Shielding Clamp Feed Bars  [3] Feed Handle  [5] Shaft [11] Shaft Guide [12] Shaft Guide [13] Shaft Guide [14] Spacer Mount Feed Adjuster [17] Threaded [60] Drive Motor  [1] Stop Rod Clamp Base Slide Guides  [7] Slide Block  [6] Stand Mount [47]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In reference to FIG. 1, the preferred embodiment of the present invention—referred to as a tubing notcher, assembly, or machine—is comprised of three main areas of operation: the workpiece retention module, the workpiece conveyance module, and the quill or cutting instrument module. The main body [18] acts as the intermediary between the workpiece modules and the quill module. In the primary mode of operation, a stand mount [47] is attached to the underside of the main body [18] which itself attaches to a stand [36] which rests securely upon the ground.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 2 to explain the workpiece retention module of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this module, a workpiece [50] is held within a system-compatible primary vise [37] that is attached to the vise base [35], which is itself attached to the X-degree table [34] through a clamping action of the X-Axis Pivot Nut [33]. The X-nut [31] is intersected through a tapped aperture by the X-lead screw [30] of the workpiece conveyance module. If an operator wishes to alter the angle of the cutting path upon the workpiece [50], he or she may loosen the vise base [35] from the degree table [34] by loosening the clamping force between the X-degree table [34] and the X-Axis Pivot Nut [33], thereby allowing for rotation of the workpiece [50], vise [37], and vise base [35] about the Y-axis relative to the X-coordinate of the X-lead screw [30] and the Z-coordinate of the main body [18] and the cutting path of the cutting instrument [97].

Reference is now made to FIGS. 3 and 4 to explain the workpiece conveyance module. In this module, the X-lead screw [30] is held in place but is allowed to rotate by a support mount [24] acting as a pillow block for the spinning screw [30]. The rotation of the X-lead screw [30] by means of a lead-screw handle [28] conveys the entire workpiece retention module along the extension of the X-lead screw [30]: the relative X-axis of the machine. To lock the X-coordinate movement, the workpiece retention module may be clamped to the workpiece conveyance module by a bolt extending through the X-degree table [34] into T-nuts [15] within a channel of the Y-body [26], thereby clamping the X-degree table [34] in place. The Y-lead screw [27] is held in place but allowed to rotate by a Y-pillow block [23], and the rotation of the Y-lead screw [27] either raises or lowers the Y-body [26], thereby conveying the workpiece retention module as well as the rest of the workpiece conveyance module along the machine's relative Y-axis. The Y-pillow-block [23] is held in place by the Y-riser [21] which is fastened to the main body [18] of cutting instrument module.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 5A and 5B as well as FIG. 6 in order to explain the main body [18] as well as the rest of the quill or cutting instrument module. The main body [18] supports the quill module through two main structures. For the first structure, the drive motor support structure, a slide block [6] connects to the main body [18] through two slide guides [7]. A drive motor clamp base [1] resides within and travels along a channel in the slide block [6], and supports the drive motor clamp [2]. Finally, the drive motor clamp [2] attaches to the shaft [11] of the cutting instrument [97] near to the drive motor [162]. For the second structure, nearer the cutting instrument [97], at the opposite end from the drive motor [162], the shaft [11] is supported through the shaft guide [12], shaft guide spacer [13], and the shaft guide mount [14], which rests upon the main body [18]. The shaft guide [12] has apertures that can accommodate different job-specific accessories, such as safety shields [103]. These support structures hold the cutting instrument [97] within the cutting plane, even during cutting, drilling, and light machining actions. As for the quill, the rotational power of the drive motor [162] is imparted upon the cutting instrument [97] through the shaft [11]. In alternative embodiments, rotation can be applied directly to the shaft [11] in a number of ways, and the shaft may be shaped, scored, or otherwise equipped to accommodate these alternative power sources. In addition to rotation about the Z-axis, this shaft [11] can be moved along the Z-axis within these supports, thereby moving the cutting instrument [97] through the cutting path. A feed handle [5] attaches to two feed bars [3] which connect to the drive motor [162]. The feed bars [3] are attached to the main body [18] through the feed adjuster [17]. The feed adjuster [17] allows the operator to move the fulcrum of this lever to adjust his or her mechanical advantage and travel speed when cutting. In conjunction with the feed adjuster [17], a threaded stop rod [60] is housed within the main body [18] and may be rotated to bring it into place to act as a stop for the Z-coordinate cutting path of the cutting agent [97].

An alternative embodiment of the present invention involves using the assembly in the secondary mode of operation, where the stand mount [47] is removed from the main body [18] and the assembly, sans stand, is affixed to a stationary workpiece [50] as its manner of support. The assembly still comprises three modules in this alternative embodiment, but the rotation of the workpiece retention module and the movement of the workpiece conveyance module would move the cutting agent relative to the stationary workpiece, instead of vise versa.

In addition to the specifications of the preferred embodiment and alternative embodiments of the present invention included herein, I wish to include those obvious modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art under the protection of this patent application. 

In regards to the present invention, I claim the following:
 1. A machining system specializing in notching operations without use of a mandrel, comprising a cutting instrument structure, a workpiece retention structure, and a workpiece conveyance structure.
 2. The cutting instrument structure of claim 1, comprising a cutting instrument, a chuck, a shaft, a source of rotational force, a Z-travel slide structure for regulating the alignment of the shaft with respect to the source of rotational force, a shaft support for the purpose of regulating the alignment of the shaft with respect to the cutting instrument, and a main body upon which the shaft support, shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, and cutting instrument reside and along which the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting agent may traverse when the cutting instrument structure is cycled.
 3. The cutting instrument structure of claim 2, wherein an operator may move the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument along an axis while said shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument are rotating about the axis until the cutting instrument has traveled completely through a desired cutting path or until the cutting agent has reached a desired depth and the Z-travel slide contacts a Z-travel stop, before returning the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument to the initial location of said shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument, thereby cycling the cutting instrument structure and allowing for the removal of material from a workpiece; said shaft support may be stationary or may traverse the main body with the shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument during cutting operations, and will provide rigidity throughout cutting actions without impeding traversal or rotation of the shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument.
 4. The workpiece retention structure of claim 1, comprising an interchangeable main vise and a main vise mounting plate, as well as structures necessary for the inclusion of one or more optional vises, an optional guide rail, an optional work stop assembly, optional workpiece supports, and optional vise inserts.
 5. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, wherein the interchangeable main vise may be loosened from the main vise mounting plate, rotated upon said plate, and then tightened to said plate, thereby altering the rotational orientation of the workpiece retention structure.
 6. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, wherein the interchangeable main vise and the optional additional vise may be used to hold a workpiece on either side of a cutting path to facilitate tandem clamping throughout processing operations; said tandem clamping action securing both the finished workpieces as well as additional raw material yet to be processed.
 7. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, where a support arm may be attached to the main vise or the optional secondary vise for the purpose of supporting a workpiece outside the parameters of traditional vises; said support arm may rotate simultaneously with the rotation of the main vise, thereby supporting a workpiece throughout multiple cutting operations without requiring unclamping and reclamping.
 8. The workpiece conveyance structure of claim 1, comprising a conveyance structure block, a main vise mounting plate receiver, an optional secondary vise receiver, one or more lead screws, one or more lead screw pillow blocks, and a riser block which attaches to a main body of the cutting instrument structure.
 9. The workpiece conveyance structure of claim 8, wherein the conveyance structure may be moved in order to alter a cutting path of the cutting instrument structure upon a workpiece without needing to alter the cutting angle of the cutting path relative to the workpiece; this movement may occur before cutting operations, thereby bringing the cutting path to a desired location upon the workpiece, and such movement may occur during cutting operations, thereby allowing milling of the workpiece.
 10. A work stop assembly providing a boundary for a workpiece to be machined, said assembly comprising a contact object, a tower structure, and a rail mount.
 11. The contact object of claim 10, comprising a contact surface and a mounting surface opposite said contact surface; the contact surface comprising a three dimensional object which may present a flat, angled, rounded, or shaped surface that is capable of fitting into the negative space of the workpiece to be machined—i.e. a concave contact object for a convex workpiece, a convex contact object for a concave workpiece, an atypical contact object surface for an atypical workpiece surface, or a flat contact object surface for any number of workpiece surfaces.
 12. The tower structure of claim 10, comprising a contact object receiver, a head block, and a main body: said contact object receiver allows said contact object to pivot about a point within said receiver and then may clamp said contact object at a desired angle relative to the workpiece; said head block allows said contact object receiver to rotate axially and then may clamp said contact object receiver at a desired orientation relative to the workpiece; said main body, comprising: a) a post upon which the head block may be clamped to secure the assembly at a relative height; b) a rail mount assembly, of which some portion may fit within a guide rail, upon which the post may be affixed and within which a T-nut screw may be rotated to exert force on the main body and a T-nut to clamp said main body and T-nut onto the guide rail.
 13. The rail mount of claim 10, comprising a T-nut, a drilled and tapped aperture in the main body of the tower structure, and a T-nut screw which may be tightened to exert clamping force onto a guide rail or loosened to allow the entire assembly to move within the guide rail.
 14. A method for producing doubly-machined workpieces from a length of material without use of a mandrel, comprising the steps of: aligning a machining system comprising a cutting instrument structure, a workpiece retention structure, and a workpiece conveyance structure to establish a desired cutting path of the cutting instrument structure on material to be machined relative to the workpiece retention structure, aligning a work stop at a specific angle relative to the cutting path of the cutting instrument structure so as to accommodate the negative space created upon the cycling of the machining system, inserting a piece of material and securing this workpiece at an acceptable position within the workpiece retention structure of the machining system, cycling the cutting instrument structure of the machining system through the cutting path to cut into the workpiece, releasing the workpiece from the workpiece retention structure, moving and twisting the workpiece as necessary to abut the firstly cut surface against the work stop, securing the workpiece within the workpiece retention structure, cycling the cutting instrument structure of the machining system through the cutting path to cut the workpiece a second time—thereby producing one double-machined workpiece and making a first cut in the remaining material to be machined—and repeating those aforementioned steps necessary to continue producing double-machined workpieces until a desired number of double-machined workpieces is produced or the length of material to be machined is exhausted.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the diameter of a cutting agent is large enough, relative to the size of the workpiece, that the cycling of said cutting instrument through said workpiece may sever a finished workpiece from the remaining material yet to be machined.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said workpiece retention structure may include one or more vises as well as additional workpiece support arms and workpiece catching structures so as to secure and support a workpiece at both the infeed and outfeed of the system; when utilizing more than one vise to secure a workpiece, the workpiece may be supported on either side of each intended cutting path so as to provide rigidity throughout drilling, tapping, grinding, and other shaping activities, and all components of the workpiece retention structure may be moved simultaneously through the workpiece conveyance structure to allow operators the capability of milling workpieces.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cutting path locations and angles may be precisely altered without loosening the workpiece from the workpiece retention structure, even after vises, work stops, and workpiece supports are in place, thereby allowing for separate machining operations to hold relative precision upon a single workpiece. 